Racism in the Criminal Justice System Essay - 1276 Words

Is the Criminal Justice system racist? This question has been asked many times by people of many colors. According to Mac Donald (2008), the criminal justice system is not at all racist. The article depicts arrest rates of both whites and blacks and compares statistics on these arrests. It looks at the number of whites and the number of blacks in jails and prisons. In this critique, we will be looking into this article to see these points in which Mac Donald states proves that the criminal justice system is, in fact, not a racist one. It has been said that the criminal justice system is a racist system because blacks are incarcerated at a much higher rate than whites. Many people want to know why. The race industry will proclaim that it†¦show more content†¦15). The percentage of black males (in jail or prison) between the ages of 20 and 34 is eleven percent. These statistics are not always acknowledged by advocates. The advocates will blame it on bias of those who make the decisions regarding arrests, and sentencing. Mac Donald (2008) looks at the idea that cops over arrest blacks and ignore the crimes that whites commit. However, the races of criminals that are reported by the victims do in fact match arrest data. According to a research study as far back as 1978, â€Å"a study of robbery and aggravated assault in eight cities found parity between the race of assailants in victim identifications and in arrests--a finding replicated many times since, across a range of crimes† (Mac Donald, 2008, p. 15). It does not make sense to think why crime victims would be biased in the reports they give to the police. Mac Donald next explains how advocates say that this â€Å"bias† is not only with police and who they arrest, but also moves up the law enforcement chain. They believe that judges and juries must also be biased. Advocates state that judges over sentence blacks and give them stricter and longer punishments than whites would receive for the same crime. However, in 1997, criminologists Robert Sampson and Janet Lauritsen concluded differently. After massive amounts of reading and studying information and statistics regarding charging and sentencing, they concluded that large racial differences in criminal offending,Show MoreRelatedRacism And The Criminal Justice System1739 Words   |  7 PagesWith so many news stories and incidents surrounding the topic of race and the police these days, it is not surprising for people to come to the conclusion that racism may exist within the criminal justice system. We will be taking a deeper look into the problem to find out what other possib le determinants may play a role in deciding how an officer makes an arrest or stop and continue to analyze what is happening in those contexts. The issues surrounding the topic of race is like the two faces ofRead MoreRacism : The Criminal Justice System1040 Words   |  5 PagesBagley PLS 213 American Federal Government-Online 25th November 2015 Racism in Our Criminal Justice System There are many different types of unlawful racism in the criminal justice system. It goes from back in the early part of our great nation’s birth to the killing of Martin Luther King Jr. to Ferguson, Missouri. The path that racism takes is from old time’s point of view. The way to clear up racism in our criminal justice system is simple and easy. Americans need to fully understand the idea ofRead MoreRacism And The Criminal Justice System1190 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In today’s American society much of the issues incurred are centered on racism or racial discrimination encompassing crime and the criminal justice system. A vast majority of the issues in the criminal justice system relate to race, ethnicity, or economic class and captures actions by legislators, the policies of the police, and the practices of the courts. In 2009 alone, African American males accounted for 6.7 times more incarceration rates than whites in both state and federal penitentiariesRead MoreRacism And The American Criminal Justice System1584 Words   |  7 Pagesover-represented in the criminal justice system, but under-represented politically in the United States of America. Since well before its inception in 1776, the United States of America has been a nation characterized by white supremacy. In fact, modern day America may not exist if not for the taking of land from the Indigenous Peoples on this very premise. Today, many Americans believe they live in a post-racial nation, citing the abolition of slavery in the 1860s. While racism has certainly beenRead MoreRacism in the Criminal Justice System Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Americans suffer from economic, psychological, political and social exploitation at the hands of powerful Whites in this country. As a result of this exploitation, Black people usually are put into situations where the commission of a criminal act is often seen as the most effective resolution to their problems. Most Caucasians, however, will probably never understand the predicament in which most Black find themselves. Stolen from our homeland and then forced to work under the most miserableRead More Racism in the Criminal Justice System Essay6900 Words   |  28 PagesRacism in police treatment of minorities has created great disparities in incarceration amongst the races. Blatant cases of racist law enforcement that are covered in the  news are a testament to the fact that racism within police d epartments exists from coast to coast. However, these are only the cases that people find out about; there are countless other cases of police racism and brutality that are not reported. A series of reports that have been published in the last few years have shown thatRead MoreRacism And The Criminal Justice System2409 Words   |  10 PagesIs there segregation and unfairness in the criminal justice system? When we as people watch the news or read our newspapers, we can see that most of the criminals committing crimes are usually of African American or Hispanic descent. Society today even depicts people of color as criminals in all novels and comic books while white characters play the victim. It may seem as if the media only focuses on the crimes and pettiness involved with black people. What are included for Blacks to be more requiredRead MoreRacism And The United States Criminal Justice System Essay2200 Words   |  9 PagesThere is a very evident problem with racism in the United States Criminal Justice System. Society chooses to ignore this problem because many do not think they are a part of it. What they do not understand is they are a part of society, therefore a part of the problem. Even if a particular person is not doing anything to cause this problem directly, they are not helping the situation either. Society has to become aware of this issue and stop pretending as though it is something that will go awayRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Has Served As A Focal Point Of Much Of Societal Racism993 Words   |  4 Pageswhite† (Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)). These studies propose that while criminal behavior cuts across race and class lines, the common response to these behaviors may significantly influence the course of a potential criminal career. Decisions concerning the most effective balance of responses by law enforcement, social services, and community intervention are critical in determining many of these outcomes. Bias within the criminal justice Historically, the criminal justice system has served asRead MoreDisparity and Discrimination Essay790 Words   |  4 PagesMany different situations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racism, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these terms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the understanding of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differences

Invisible Man Essay The Phases of Invisibility - 2008 Words

The Phases of Invisibility in Invisible Man To be invisible is to be unable to be seen by anyone without artificial aid. The invisible man is more impossible to locate than the proverbial needle in a haystack. In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man, the main character, I., progresses through various phases of symbolic invisibility. The story begins with I. recounting the various steps and incidents that led him to realize his invisibility. I.s grandfather was a meek and humble man, and therefore surprised I. when he told him to live with your head in the lions mouth, overcome em with yeses, agree em to death and destruction. This statement is the ever-present current that guides I. to his eventual†¦show more content†¦After the gentle assurances by Norton that he wont be reprimanded, Dr. Bledsoe, the president of the University I. got a scholarship to, expels him from school. I. cant understand the betrayal by Norton and attributes it to Bledsoes misunderstanding. I. loved the university, thinking that it was his ticket to move up in the world. But is was only a game, part of the principle to which everyone adheres. I. places a lot of importance on his University education thinking, [He] would never live down [his] disgrace, [His] white friends would be so disgusted. With these statements it is evide nt that I. still isnt quite aware that he is running and still playing the game. I.s next major encounter with reality is when he is trying to acquire a job per Dr. Bledsoes letters of recommendation. He becomes increasingly disheartened when he receives no response from the friends of the school in charge of his fate. He gets punched in the face by reality when he meets Mr. Emersons son. The young Mr. Emerson is the first, since I.s grandfather, to open his eyes to whats really going on. When I. presents Emerson with his letter he learns why no one has responded to his requests for a job. Emerson is one who doesnt believe in letting I. continue running he wants help [him], but first must disillusion [him]. So I. gets to read the letter which explains the lies Bledsoe told him of returning to the college, and the description of his failure. Not only this butShow MoreRelated The Significance of Mr. Norton and Fate in Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison2141 Words   |  9 PagesFate in Invisible Man      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his novel Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison has developed the invisible man by using the actions of other characters. Through his prophecy, Mr. Norton has secured the destiny of the narrator, himself, and all persons in the novel. Mr. Norton forebodes that the narrator will determine his fate, but Mr. Norton doesnt realize that the fate determined is universal: that every being is invisible and without this knowledge, people are blinded by their own invisibility. TheRead MoreThe Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison2489 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"I AM AN invisible man.† A story of obstacles of durable struggle, but hope, and everlasting search for voice in a narrow-minded society; The Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison depicts the dehumanization and feeling of being ostracized in society, of one man. Imagine a time when everyone you encounter have a racial thought or credibility toward your own races, never considering the fact that who you are as a person does not matte r worth a dime. You are better determines on shade of your skin which hideRead MoreCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 Pageshttp://www.terry.uga.edu/~dawndba/4500compulsoryhet.htm Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence †¨ Adrienne Rich    Adrienne Rich s essay constitutes a powerful challenge to some of our least examined sexual assumptions. Rich turns all the familiar arguments on their heads: If the first erotic bond is to the mother, she asks, could not the natural sexual orientation of both men and women be toward women? Rich s radical questioning has been a major intellectual forceRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

Internet and Technology on Kuwait Market †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Internet and Technology on Kuwait Market. Answer: Introduction: The government has a strong vision on information and communication technology and makes effort to promote the positive use of the technology. The Commercial Law 68 of 1980 of Kuwait says that no foreign companies can establish any commercial activity in the country if it has no recommendation of local agents or distributors (Kuwait Times, 2018). The distributor promotes, imports, stocks and distributes products of foreign nations. They take huge amount to promote the business that is not always affordable for the foreign companies. Thus, the incorporation of internet and technologies has relieved the foreign companies to influence market in Kuwait. It has been found that 91% people living in Kuwait have access to internet (Abdulla, Naser and Saeid 2014). Thus, people get all information about a product or service through online sources, cloud computing, television, news and media. Therefore, they start buying products of foreign brands that they get through online marketing. Social media usage has also been another marketing strategy for businesses reaching the larger population of Kuwait (Vinerean et al. 2013). Rising demand for particular products and services, enable the distributors or agents to demand lower amount of money from the foreign clients that accelerate the business to enter the Kuwait market. Thus, technologies and internet has been very beneficial to reduce the threat on new entrants to function in the market of Kuwait. Due to the rapid technological advancement, there is a continuous threat of substitutes for the present businesses operational in the market of Kuwait. Digital revolution has led to massive change in both the nature of innovation and increasing pressure for the industries to innovate ideas and methods continuously (Baden-Fuller and Haefliger 2013). This threat to the market has been very effective to promote progress in the market situation of the country. However, such threats have also affected the profit margins for various industries that are bound to provide free services to the customers, which would otherwise get substituted. Due to the use of internet, people are also accessing the online sites through which they are getting their desirables simply sitting back at home. With the use of mobile phones, they are getting access to not only the national market but also the global market (Labrecque et al. 2013). This has also affected many running businesses who are now adapting fr ee home delivery facilities to sustain in the market. The online retailers are continuously engaging the customers by providing sales and discounts that are attracting them. Thus, the Kuwait market is highly threatened by the rapid use of internet and digital technology with an increasing number of substitutes in the market. The rapid use of technology has been promoting an integration of new businesses by reducing the costs spent on communication processes. Thus, there is an increase in competitive pressure for the businesses operational in the market. Due to the growing number of alternatives in the market, the bargaining power of customers is increasing. The buyers switch to other sellers if they get similar products in lower prices. Technology has led to greater innovation that has increased the availability of substitutes in the market (Westerman, Bonnet and McAfee 2014). Customers and consumers have gained greater bargaining power due to the instant access they have to information and insights from social media platforms. They have knowledge of products through the reviews and feedback and get ideas about the low switching costs through the digital channels. Advanced technology has made the customers have an access to substitutes with ease and convenience. Thus, the customers have the power to weak en the sellers to sell their products in a greater price. However, customer loyalty serves to be the solution to many sellers who have the fixed customers who prefer their brands irrespective of the availability of substitutes (Gilaninia, Taleghani and Azizi 2013). Kuwait as a whole has shown a massive improvement with the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on business innovations. Thus, there has been an increase in mobile subscriptions and mobile coverage in the nation that has elevated the role of the customers to influence markets. Therefore, due to digitalization and growing use of technology the bargaining power of customers has also been increasing rapidly in the Kuwait market. Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers has been significantly low for the market in Kuwait. There has been an increase in the number of suppliers for products in the business market. Digital marketing has led to greater scopes for businesses to supply their products through online methods and applications (Chaffey and Ellis-Chadwick 2016). Thus, the suppliers have the fear of getting replaced with new market tools. However, the switching cost from one supplier to another is sometimes very high that makes the businesses to stick to their own supplier. In such cases, there is a significant bargaining power of the suppliers. Considering the entire market scenario of the Kuwait market, the presence of a huge number of suppliers has enabled the companies to choose supplier according to the cost they can invest on them. However, due to internet facilities and technological advancement, the suppliers also have greater access to find out and connect with the emerging companies. Thus, they get the opportunity to choose companies according to the profile. Considering the entire market, it can be concluded that the bargaining power of the suppliers is quite low in the operational markets. The use of internet and technology has led the businesses to have an access to the entire world (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). Thus, it has led to the growing trend of international trade according to the demands of the nations. Due to the improved methods, the buyers and sellers of the world has been connected to merge at a point where they are getting desired products at an agreed value. The use of internet has led to greater communication among the buyers and sellers. However, it has led to a massive increase in rivalries among the companies. The use of technology has enabled the emerging businesses along the older ones to operate globally (Laudon and Traver 2013). Thus, the rivalries are on an increase, which simultaneously leads the businesses to take risks in order to stabilize their positions in the market. The industries are bound to spend a huge amount on promotional activities, CSR activities and advertisements to compete with the other companies and attract the customers. Thus, though the digitalization and technologies has brought scopes for industries to expand their businesses globally, it has equally raised the competition among them enormously. Most of the customers do not change their preferences of products with the change in technology. They stay loyal to the old brands and deviates from trying new ones. In Kuwait, the customers lack of interest in new products caused a downturn for the emerging industries or new products in the market, as was manifested in the market of smart phones where people seemed to stick to the use of blackberry phones with barely any switch to the other brands (Doronin 2013). It is very important to incorporate knowledge about the adoption of newer brands in the customers. They must be given free trials and through advertisements and workshops, they must be awakened with the advantages that they can have using the new brands. They must be informed about the updated versions of products that would enable them to accept the new products brought in the market. The industries operating in the Kuwait market have raised their capital investment to a good extent. Competing with them requires the small-scale industries to raise their revenue in such a way that they meet the level set by the existing ones. Thus, there are huge risks for the companies to face huge loss that may ultimately lead to their declination. The new industries thus need to create a good impression among the target customers so that they do not incur loss. They must positively use new technologies and make investments in advertisements, workshops and promotional activities to reach to the customers and create a good customer base to operate successfully in the market (Eid and El-Gohary 2013). Lack of long-term objectives: The small-scale emerging industries lack long-term goals and just try to establish themselves in the market scenario of the country. They make huge investments for that with no proper strategy that ultimately lead to their collapse. They emerge with lack of skills and lack of regulations in the production methods that disrupts the entire company. Thus, it is very important for industries to come into the market with both short and long term objectives set with a good management that serve to be the base. The management must be updating with all the procedures and feedback that the companies get from both the ends of employees and customers that would enable the industries to perform in a collaborated and effective way. The industries must focus on their production and profit goals that are very essential to sustain in the market. New companies do not have the advantage of customer loyalty. Thus, it becomes very difficult for them to occupy places in the preference lists of customers. The consumers do not and cannot trust any company that comes up in the market. Thus, the companies need to take measures to popularize their products and services by offering discounts, keeping low price for similar products that the established companies have for their products, free trials and interesting offers to grow the consumer relations. This would enable them to reach to the population at large and enable them to gradually gain the trust of the consumers. References: Abdulla, A.M., Naser, K. and Saeid, M., 2014. Employability factors of business graduates in Kuwait: Evidence from an emerging country.International Journal of Business and Management,9(10), p.49. Baden-Fuller, C. and Haefliger, S., 2013. Business models and technological innovation.Long range planning,46(6), pp.419-426. Chaffey, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2016.Digital marketing. Prentice Hall Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. Doronin, D., 2013. Macro-level Market Research of Kuwait. Eid, R. and El-Gohary, H., 2013. The impact of E-marketing use on small business enterprises' marketing success.The Service Industries Journal,33(1), pp.31-50. Gilaninia, S., Taleghani, M. and Azizi, N., 2013. Marketing mix and consumer behavior.Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,2(12), p.53. Kuwait Times. (2018).Door to total foreign ownership in companies opened in Kuwait - Kuwait Times. [online] Available at: https://news.kuwaittimes.net/door-total-foreign-ownership-companies-opened-kuwait/ [Accessed 25 Mar. 2018]. Labrecque, L.I., vor dem Esche, J., Mathwick, C., Novak, T.P. and Hofacker, C.F., 2013. Consumer power: Evolution in the digital age.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.257-269. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. Pearson. Vinerean, S., Cetina, I., Dumitrescu, L. and Tichindelean, M., 2013. The effects of social media marketing on online consumer behavior.International Journal of Business and Management,8(14), p.66. Westerman, G., Bonnet, D. and McAfee, A., 2014.Leading digital: Turning technology into business transformation. Harvard Business Press.

Music Appreciation ch. 47-51 Flashcard

Music Appreciation ch. 47-51